{"id":1017,"date":"2025-12-01T09:22:09","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T06:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/?p=1017"},"modified":"2025-12-22T09:47:46","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T06:47:46","slug":"iklim-diplomasisinin-mavi-sinavi-denizler-masada-peki-kararlar-nerede","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/?p=1017","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim Diplomasisinin Mavi S\u0131nav\u0131: Denizler Masada, Peki Kararlar Nerede?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Ayg\u00fcn Karl\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnyam\u0131za mavi gezegen denmesine ra\u011fmen gezegenin kaderini belirleyen uluslararas\u0131 toplant\u0131 masalar\u0131nda o mavilik uzun y\u0131llar boyunca g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130klim krizini konu\u015ftu\u011fumuzda akl\u0131m\u0131za genellikle atmosferdeki karbon yo\u011funlu\u011fu, sanayi bacalar\u0131 veya karasal orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 geliyor. Oysa krizin en \u015fiddetli cephelerinden biri sessizce \u0131s\u0131nan, asitle\u015fen ve ekosistemi \u00e7\u00f6kmekte olan okyanuslar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n derinliklerinde ya\u015fan\u0131yor.&nbsp;Bilimsel veriler tart\u0131\u015fmaya yer b\u0131rakmayacak kadar net: Okyanuslar, 1955\u2019ten bu yana insan faaliyetlerinin \u00fcretti\u011fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %93\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc absorbe ederek gezegenimiz i\u00e7in hayati bir \u0131s\u0131 kalkan\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peki, bu devasa hizmete kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fcresel iklim rejimi okyanuslara hak etti\u011fi de\u011feri veriyor mu? BM \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (BM\u0130D\u00c7S) kapsam\u0131nda al\u0131nan son 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k kararlar\u0131 (COP, CMP ve CMA) inceledi\u011fimiz yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ararken iklim diplomasisindeki tarihsel bir k\u00f6r noktay\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan gelen mecburi uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kay\u0131p Y\u0131llar ve Zorunlu Uyan\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130klim rejiminin tarihsel geli\u015fimine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda 1997 tarihli Kyoto Protokol\u00fc d\u00f6neminin denizler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kay\u0131p y\u0131llar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.&nbsp;O d\u00f6nemde al\u0131nan kararlar incelendi\u011finde, denizel \u00e7evre politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 derecede s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131; var olan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kararlar\u0131n da neredeyse sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ada devletlerinin diren\u00e7lili\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Elbette ada devletlerinin varolu\u015fsal tehdidi kritikti; ancak o d\u00f6nemde okyanuslar, iklim denkleminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak de\u011fil sadece ma\u011fdur bir co\u011frafya olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neyse ki 2015 Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 bu gidi\u015fatta keskin bir viraj al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Paris sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te okyanus ve denizler g\u00f6rmezden gelinen bir alan olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn merkezine yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Art\u0131k masada sadece ada devletleri yok;&nbsp;denizel biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik,&nbsp;mavi karbon s\u00fcre\u00e7leri,&nbsp;okyanus asidifikasyonunun \u00f6nlenmesi&nbsp;ve&nbsp;deniz turizminin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi&nbsp;gibi \u00e7ok daha derinlikli ba\u015fl\u0131klar tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.&nbsp;Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131, okyanuslar\u0131 ilk kez resmi olarak yutak ve rezervuar tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ta\u015f\u0131yarak ekosistem b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 gereken hayati bir varl\u0131k olarak kabul etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Te\u015fhis Tamam, Tedavi Eksik: Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, denizlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulasa da politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczle\u015fmesi gereken ac\u0131 bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi de net bir \u015fekilde ortaya koyuyor:&nbsp;Kararlar\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi. \u0130nceledi\u011fimiz karar metinlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ne yaz\u0131k ki tavsiye niteli\u011finde kal\u0131yor.&nbsp;Deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda emisyonlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya deniz koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi gibi hayati konularda al\u0131nan kararlar, \u00fclkelerin inisiyatifine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f siyasi taahh\u00fctlerden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emiyor.&nbsp;Uluslararas\u0131 hukukta bu kararlar\u0131n yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fcc\u00fc olsa da devletler \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m mekanizmas\u0131 hen\u00fcz tam anlam\u0131yla kurulamad\u0131. Deniz ekosistemlerini korumak i\u00e7in sadece iyi niyet beyanlar\u0131na de\u011fil; ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kotalara, somut finansman mekanizmalar\u0131na ve teknoloji transferine ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.&nbsp;Ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131m\u0131z Kyoto&#8217;dan Paris&#8217;e ge\u00e7i\u015fte denizlerin rol\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tl\u0131yor; ancak as\u0131l mesele bu rol\u00fc ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir rejime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmekte yat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye ve COP31: Mavi Bir Liderlik F\u0131rsat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu akademik tablo T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in stratejik bir yol haritas\u0131 sunuyor. \u00dc\u00e7 taraf\u0131 denizlerle \u00e7evrili bir \u00fclke olarak T\u00fcrkiye, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin denizel etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lgan bir konumda olsa da COP31&#8217;e ev sahipli\u011fi yapma vizyonuyla bu gidi\u015fat\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin ev sahipli\u011fi yapaca\u011f\u0131 bir iklim zirvesi denizel \u00e7evre politikalar\u0131n\u0131n yan etkinlik olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fczakerelerin ana salonuna ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olabilir. Okyanuslar\u0131n karbon piyasalar\u0131na dahil edilmesi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma-geli\u015ftirme fonlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kararlar\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin liderli\u011finde at\u0131lacak ad\u0131mlar olabilir. Denizler, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkilerini hafifletmede en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve sessiz m\u00fcttefikimizdir. Ancak onlar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in sadece mavi konular\u0131 konu\u015fmak yetmiyor; bu konu\u015fmalar\u0131 somut, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ve finanse edilebilir eylemlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Referans: Karl\u0131, A., &amp; Y\u0131ld\u0131z, M. (2025). \u201cK\u00fcresel \u0130klim Rejiminde Denizel \u00c7evre Politikalar\u0131: Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Taraflar Konferans\u0131 Kararlar\u0131na Dayal\u0131 Bir De\u011ferlendirme.\u201d DEHUKAM Deniz Hukuku Dergisi (DEHUKAMDER), 10. Y\u0131l \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131 (Cilt: 8), 305-379. DOI: 10.64199\/dehukamder.1643246.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ayg\u00fcn Karl\u0131 D\u00fcnyam\u0131za mavi gezegen denmesine ra\u011fmen gezegenin kaderini belirleyen uluslararas\u0131 toplant\u0131 masalar\u0131nda o mavilik uzun y\u0131llar boyunca g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130klim krizini konu\u015ftu\u011fumuzda akl\u0131m\u0131za genellikle atmosferdeki karbon yo\u011funlu\u011fu, sanayi bacalar\u0131 veya karasal orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 geliyor. Oysa krizin en \u015fiddetli cephelerinden biri sessizce \u0131s\u0131nan, asitle\u015fen ve ekosistemi \u00e7\u00f6kmekte olan okyanuslar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n derinliklerinde ya\u015fan\u0131yor.&nbsp;Bilimsel veriler tart\u0131\u015fmaya yer b\u0131rakmayacak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,30,29],"tags":[],"series":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1017"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1019,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017\/revisions\/1019"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1017"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fseries&post=1017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}