{"id":1081,"date":"2026-03-02T11:24:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T08:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/?p=1081"},"modified":"2026-03-02T11:24:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T08:24:35","slug":"berlinale-ve-siyaset-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/?p=1081","title":{"rendered":"Berlinale ve Siyaset \u00dczerine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fatmag\u00fcl Aydemir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sineman\u0131n ve festivallerin politik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusu genellikle kurumsal dengeleri bozan kriz anlar\u0131nda yeniden bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Nitekim Berlin Uluslararas\u0131 Film Festivali (Berlinale) son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r tam da b\u00f6yle bir krizin merkezinde. 2024 \u00f6d\u00fcl t\u00f6reninde y\u00fckselen Filistin ile dayan\u0131\u015fma seslerinin ‘anti-semitizm’ olarak yaftalanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, festival y\u00f6netiminin bu su\u00e7lamalara sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla kurumsal bir krize evrildi. Bu durum, festivalin kamu fonlar\u0131yla \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc yap\u0131sal ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ve hegemonik rejimle olan ili\u015fkisinin if\u015fa olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Baz\u0131 sinemac\u0131lar festivali boykot \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunurken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eriden konu\u015fman\u0131n daha etkili olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundu ve 2026 y\u0131l\u0131 Berlinale\u2019si bu atmosferde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Festivalin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcnde j\u00fcri ba\u015fkan\u0131 y\u00f6netmen Wim Wenders\u2019in y\u00f6neltilen Filistin sorusu \u00fczerine \u201csiyasetten uzak dural\u0131m\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 sosyal medyada ve festival \u00e7evrelerinde tepki \u00e7ekti. Hem siyaset tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hem de festivalin en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130lker \u00c7atak ve Emin Alper’in almas\u0131 ise bu k\u00fcresel-politik tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de yank\u0131lanmas\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar, daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc akademik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirir. Festival dedi\u011fimiz k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131, belirli bir g\u00fc\u00e7, temsil ve me\u015fruiyet ekonomisinin i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle soru \u015fu olmaktad\u0131r: Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kurum siyasetin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalabilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinema Festivallerinin Politik Do\u011fas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyaset, salt parlamentodan ve siyasi kurumlardan ibaret de\u011fildir. Toplumun ortak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve tahayy\u00fcllerini \u015fekillendiren sanat pratikleri ile bunlar\u0131n icra edildi\u011fi alanlar, do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi politik birer u\u011frakt\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi yads\u0131mak, imaj\u0131n ve mek\u00e2n\u0131n siyasetine kar\u015f\u0131 hem entelekt\u00fcel hem de etik bir k\u00f6rle\u015fmedir. Filmler s\u00f6yledikleriyle ve s\u00f6ylemedikleriyle; anlatt\u0131klar\u0131yla ve anlat\u0131m yollar\u0131na dair tercihlerle politiktir. Bu ili\u015fkiyi yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7erik d\u00fczeyinde ele almak da yeterli de\u011fildir. Berlinale gibi uluslararas\u0131 festivaller yaln\u0131zca film g\u00f6stermez. Bu festivaller ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel me\u015fruiyet, anlat\u0131 \u00fcretme, imaj y\u00f6netimi ve hegemonik s\u00f6ylemlerin dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in alanlar a\u00e7ar. Festival, hangi anlat\u0131lar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131ma girece\u011fini, hangi y\u00f6netmenlerin k\u00fcresel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen bir kurumsal d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu noktada Pierre Bourdieu\u2019n\u00fcn \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel alan\u201d kavram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Festivaller, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sermayenin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sembolik me\u015fruiyetin \u00fcretildi\u011fi alanlard\u0131r. \u00d6d\u00fcl, fonlara eri\u015fim, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011flar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131m ve uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle festival, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcretimin tarafs\u0131z bir sergi mek\u00e2n\u0131 olmaktan \u00f6te de\u011fer \u00fcretim mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani festivalin politikli\u011fi, program\u0131ndaki filmlerin i\u00e7eri\u011finden bile \u00f6nce, kurumsal konumunda yatar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla festivalin kendisi, hangi hik\u00e2yenin tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131na karar veren hem bir sanatsal etkinlik alan\u0131 hem de bir politika sahas\u0131d\u0131r. Jacques Ranci\u00e8re\u2019in i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, siyaset; hangi seslerin duyulur say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, hangi meselelerin kamusal alana ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, neyin g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve neyin kadraj d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, yani da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n kendisiyle ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boykot: Me\u015fruiyetin \u00c7ekilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boykot \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ise bu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mda rol\u00fcn\u00fc reddederek mekanizmay\u0131 bozma yollar\u0131ndan biri olarak belirir. Bir etkinli\u011fe kat\u0131lmama, bireysel tepki olman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, me\u015fruiyeti geri \u00e7ekme stratejisidir. Bir festival k\u00fcresel k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alan i\u00e7inde sahip oldu\u011fu prestij, finansman ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckle s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleme alan\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat sanat\u00e7\u0131 bu alana kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddetti\u011finde, bu asl\u0131nda o kurumun normlar\u0131na ve yap\u0131sal politikalar\u0131na itiraz eder. Boykot, kurumsal ili\u015fkiyi ask\u0131ya almakt\u0131r. Bir sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fmamas\u0131 de\u011fil, bu kurumun me\u015fruiyet zincirine eklemlenmeme karar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu noktada mesele, asl\u0131nda kurumsal yap\u0131yla kurulan ili\u015fki bi\u00e7imidir. Bir festival k\u00fcresel k\u00fclt\u00fcrel diplomasi a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131ysa boykot ederek o a\u011fa katk\u0131 sunmamay\u0131 ve kesintiye u\u011fratmay\u0131 hedefler. Analitik olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda boykot, me\u015fruiyet \u00fcretimine kar\u015f\u0131 bir stratejidir. Fakat boykot, bireysel veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplarla yap\u0131labildi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e etkili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli tart\u0131\u015fma konusu h\u00e2line gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Alan m\u0131, Me\u015fruiyeti Yeniden \u00dcretmek mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boykotun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ise, \u00f6d\u00fcl alan pek \u00e7ok ismin festivalin hem filmlerine hem politik m\u00fccadeleye alan a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunusu yer al\u0131r. Bu sav, liberal \u00e7o\u011fulculuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n politik ifadesi \u00f6nemli olabilir ama bunun festivalin kurumsal konumunu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcp d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmedi\u011fi ayr\u0131 bir sorudur. Bu durum, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve me\u015fruiyet aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi sorgulamay\u0131 gerektirir. Bir sanat\u00e7\u0131 festival sahnesinde ele\u015ftirel bir konu\u015fma yapabilir. Fakat bu konu\u015fma, festivalin sponsorluk a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131, devlet desteklerini ya da diplomatik konumunu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmez. Hatta baz\u0131 durumlarda ele\u015ftiri, kurumun \u201c\u00e7o\u011fulcu\u201d ve \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k\u201d imaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir unsura d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu dinamik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kurumlar\u0131n ele\u015ftiriyi so\u011furma kapasitesine i\u015faret eder. Ele\u015ftiri bast\u0131r\u0131lmadan da etkisizle\u015ftirilebilir. Kurum, ele\u015ftiriyi kendi kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak kendi lehine dola\u015f\u0131ma sokabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Festivalin politik pozisyonun reddetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Burada apolitik kalma iste\u011fiyle ama\u00e7lanan politikan\u0131n hangi bi\u00e7imde dile getirilece\u011finin ve hangi konular\u0131n dile getirilebilece\u011finin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izilmesidir. Sinema festivalleri sadece film se\u00e7en veya g\u00f6steren etkinlikler olman\u0131n \u00f6tesindedir. Se\u00e7imin kendisi bile bir politik eylemdir. Bu nedenle, festivalin kurum haline gelmi\u015f a\u011flar\u0131, finansman ili\u015fkileri ve hegemonik normlarla olan ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 da sorgulamak gerekir. \u00d6te yandan, festivalin politik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fme kapasitesine ve Emin Alper\u2019in k\u00fcrs\u00fcy\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnya sorunlar\u0131na de\u011finen bir sahneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesine kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Berlinale \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6steriyor ki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kurumlara yakla\u015f\u0131m ikilik aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bir yandan evrensel bir ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme potansiyeli bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bu festivaller, di\u011fer yandan belirli devlet ve sermaye a\u011flar\u0131yla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f kurumsal ger\u00e7ekliklerdir. Festivalin ele\u015ftiriyi sahneye ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131yla kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 demokratik nitelik, kendi yap\u0131sal ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerini tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7may\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kaybolmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At\u0131flar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bourdieu, P. (1993). The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Columbia University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ranci\u00e8re, J. (2004). The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible. Continuum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fatmag\u00fcl Aydemir Sineman\u0131n ve festivallerin politik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusu genellikle kurumsal dengeleri bozan kriz anlar\u0131nda yeniden bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Nitekim Berlin Uluslararas\u0131 Film Festivali (Berlinale) son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r tam da b\u00f6yle bir krizin merkezinde. 2024 \u00f6d\u00fcl t\u00f6reninde y\u00fckselen Filistin ile dayan\u0131\u015fma seslerinin ‘anti-semitizm’ olarak yaftalanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, festival y\u00f6netiminin bu su\u00e7lamalara sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla kurumsal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":1090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,29],"tags":[],"series":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1081"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1081"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1082,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1081\/revisions\/1082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fseries&post=1081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}