{"id":1135,"date":"2026-04-10T14:43:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T11:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/?p=1135"},"modified":"2026-04-10T14:44:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T11:44:45","slug":"iran-savasi-1973-petrol-krizi-ve-kuresel-dinamikler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/?p=1135","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ran Sava\u015f\u0131, 1973 Petrol Krizi ve K\u00fcresel Dinamikler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Faruk Yalva\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn \u0130ran etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen krizi yaln\u0131zca b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri, mezhepsel ayr\u0131mlar ya da g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015fmak yeterli de\u011fildir. Konuyu k\u00fcresel kapitalist sistemin dinamikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde incelemek durumu anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ba\u011flamda, 1973 petrol krizi ve sonras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler kritik bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 Ekim 1973 tarihinde patlak veren Yom Kippur Sava\u015f\u0131, enerjinin k\u00fcresel ekonomik ve siyasal dinamikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne denli bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015ftir. Petrol \u0130hra\u00e7 Eden Arap \u00dclkeleri \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (OAPEC)\u2019in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlarla \u0130srail\u2019i destekleyen \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 bir petrol ambargosu ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bunu takiben petrol fiyatlar\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00f6rt kattan fazla y\u00fckselmi\u015f, k\u00fcresel sistem b\u00fcy\u00fck bir krize girmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te petrol ihra\u00e7 eden \u00fclkeler, \u00f6zellikle Suudi Arabistan ve di\u011fer K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri, k\u00fcresel sistemde yeni ve etkili akt\u00f6rler olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu geli\u015fme, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilece\u011finin aksine, Bat\u0131 ile bir kopu\u015f de\u011fil, aksine daha derin bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisi yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri d\u00fcnya kapitalist sisteminin i\u015fleyi\u015finde aktif \u00fcyeler haline gelmi\u015flerdir.[1]<\/a> Petrol gelirlerinin dolar \u00fczerinden birikmesi ve elde edilen gelirlerin yeniden Bat\u0131 finans sisteminde aktar\u0131lmas\u0131, \u201cpetrodolar\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mekanizma, bir yandan ABD finans sistemini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirirken, di\u011fer yandan K\u00f6rfez sermayesinin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte geni\u015flemesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ili\u015fki stratejik bir g\u00fcvenlik ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flarken, Suudi Arabistan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri de enerji arz\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fini ve dolar sisteminin devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki konumunu anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ran, \u00f6zellikle 1979 Devrimi sonras\u0131nda ABD ile kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkiler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinden belirgin \u015fekilde ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcresel finans sistemine s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 entegrasyonu, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve jeopolitik gerilimler, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 sistemle daha \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle, bug\u00fcn \u0130ran ile K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki gerilimler yaln\u0131zca b\u00f6lgesel rekabet ya da ideolojik farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Bu gerilimler, k\u00fcresel kapitalist sisteme farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde eklemlenmi\u015f toplumsal ve siyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, mevcut kriz yaln\u0131zca Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc bir mesele de\u011fil, k\u00fcresel sistemin i\u015fleyi\u015fiyle yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada dikkat \u00e7ekici bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1973 petrol krizi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan ve di\u011fer OAPEC \u00fclkeleri, enerji arz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayarak k\u00fcresel ekonomiyi do\u011frudan etkileyebilmi\u015f ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler \u00fczerinde ciddi bir bask\u0131 kurabilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn ise k\u00fcresel finansal ve g\u00fcvenlik yap\u0131lar\u0131yla derin bi\u00e7imde b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinin enerjiyi jeopolitik bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullanabilmeleri art\u0131k \u00e7ok zordur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, bu durum Gazze\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi bu \u00fclkelerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015fanan krizlere m\u00fcdahale kapasitesini de etkilemektedir. 1973\u2019te g\u00f6sterilen dayan\u0131\u015fma bug\u00fcn g\u00f6sterilebilseydi, Gazze\u2019de ya\u015fananlar \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir seyir izleyebilirdi. En az\u0131ndan K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinin b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fczerindeki etkisi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha belirleyici olabilirdi. \u015eu andaki \u0130ran sava\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Suudi Arabistan art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde arabulucu bir rol \u00fcstlenebilmektedir. H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi diren\u00e7 ve bask\u0131, sava\u015f\u0131n seyrini belirlemede \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 unsurudur. Ancak, bu sava\u015f\u0131n, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n k\u00fcresel sistemle kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkinin yeni bi\u00e7imi belirginle\u015fmeden sona ermesi olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Bkz. Adam Hanieh, Capitalism and Class in the Gulf Arab States<\/em> (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Faruk Yalva\u00e7 Bug\u00fcn \u0130ran etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen krizi yaln\u0131zca b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri, mezhepsel ayr\u0131mlar ya da g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015fmak yeterli de\u011fildir. Konuyu k\u00fcresel kapitalist sistemin dinamikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde incelemek durumu anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ba\u011flamda, 1973 petrol krizi ve sonras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler kritik bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. 6 Ekim 1973 tarihinde patlak veren Yom […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,30,27],"tags":[],"series":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1137,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1135\/revisions\/1137"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1135"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atilim.edu.tr\/manzara-politik\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fseries&post=1135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}