ECTS - - Automotive Engineering
Compulsory Departmental Courses
AE307 - Fluid Mechanics (3 + 1) 6
Introduction to basic concepts of fluid mechanics; properties of fluids; pressure and fluid statics, fluid kinematics, Bernoulli and energy equations, momentum analysis of flow systems, dimensional analysis and modeling, internal flow, external flow ? drag and lift.
AE308 - Manufacturing and Material Technologies in Automotive Industry (3 + 1) 5
The history of manufacturing systems and techniques in automobile history, manufacturing techniques used in automobile industry, automobile parts and manufacturing methods, sheet metals: mechanical properties and analysis of sheet metal deformation, manufacturing techniques of sheet metal automobile parts.
AE399 - Summer Practice I (0 + 0) 6
A 4-week (20-workday) first summer practice (1) in an automotive/vehicle company [service, factory, management office], or in a facility that manufactures an industrial product/outfit/output/product, and (2) about a product design or manufacturing, or about the administration or organization of a service/company.
AE431 - Casptone Project in Automotive Engineering I (1 + 4) 4
Engineering design phases of a project through teamwork, communication and presentation skills according to the rules, regulations, standards, technical specifications, and realistic constraints and conditions; the essentials of project management, work schedule, cost analysis, purchase planning, sponsoring activities; progress and final reports and presentations covering all activities.
AE432 - Casptone Project in Automotive Engineering II (1 + 4) 8
Production activities in automotive engineering; manufacturing, assembly, work program, cost analysis, payment program, sponsoring, testing, marketing, and documentation; progress and final reports and presentations covering all activities of the semester.
AE434 - Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (3 + 1) 5
Electric vehicle components; history of electric vehicles; types of electric vehicles; batteries and battery modeling; alternative energy sources and stores (photovoltaics, flywheels, capacitors, fuel cells); DC and AC electric motors, brushed DC motors, and brushless electric motors; power electronics and motor drives; electric vehicle drivetrain.
AE435 - Vehicle Dynamics (3 + 1) 5
Engine characteristics and drive line components, tire and wheel fundamentals; tractive effort and resistances to motion; maximum speed and acceleration performance; clutch dynamics, torque converter characteristics, braking dynamics and performance; gradeability, steering dynamics, suspension mechanisms, planar dynamics of vehicles, and roll dynamics.
AE436 - Transmission Systems and Design (3 + 1) 5
Overview of transmission systems; power flow and power conversion; matching engine and transmission; automotive transmission systems; design of gearwheel, shafts, bearings, clutches, torque converters and other design elements; automotive transmission development process.
AE499 - Summer Practice II (0 + 0) 6
A 4-week (20-workday) second summer practice (1) in an automotive/vehicle company [service, factory, management office], or in a facility that manufactures an industrial product/outfit/output/product, and (2) about a product design or manufacturing, or about the administration or organization of a service/company.
CHE105 - General Chemistry (3 + 2) 5
Matter and measurement, atoms, molecules and ions, stoichiometry: calculations with chemical formulas and equations, oxidation-reduction reactions, thermochemistry, electronic structure of atoms, periodic properties of the elements, basic concepts of chemical bonding, molecular geometry and bonding theories, gases, intermolecular forces, liquids and solids, chemical kinetics, chemical thermodynamics, electrochemistry.
EE234 - Introduction to Electrical Engineering (3 + 1) 5
Definition of current, voltage, resistance, power, Kirchoff laws and resistive DC circuits, Thevenin and Norton equivalents, AC circuits, phasors, filters, reactive power, three-phase circuits and power, overview of combinational and sequential digital circuits and examples, diodes and transistors.
ENE203 - Thermodynamics I (3 + 0) 6
Basic concepts and definitions, properties of a pure substance, equations of state, work and heat interactions, first law of thermodynamics, internal energy and enthalpy, second law of thermodynamics, entropy, reversible and irreversible processes, thermodynamic analysis of processes, third law of thermodynamics.
ENG101 - English For Academic Purposes I (4 + 0) 3.5
English language skills, especially academic skills, such as reading comprehension, vocabulary building and critical analysis of texts; listening and note-taking, class discussions, presentations, writing, research assignments and use of technology.
ENG102 - English for Academic Purposes II (4 + 0) 3.5
Academic skills such as reading comprehension, class discussions, use of academic vocabulary and critical analysis of texts; research assignments and review of the English language structure; skills such as listening and note-taking, analysis of written products, writing, portfolio keeping, presentation and use of technology.
ENG201 - English for Academic Purposes III (3 + 0) 3
Advanced reading and writing skills, applying critical reading skills and strategies, identifying the organization of a reading text, main ideas of the texts, and the author?s main purpose, summarizing a given text, outlining and writing an argumentative essay.
ENG202 - English for Academic Purposes IV (3 + 0) 3
Preparing and writing research reports and delivering effective oral/written informative and persuasive presentations; gathering information, organizing data, outlining, using appropriate techniques in presentation and delivering for a maximum impact, using visual aids and citation effectively.
ENG301 - English for Occupational Purposes I (3 + 0) 3
Job-related communication skills;the functions such as describing relationships at work,discussing performance reviews and giving feedback,discussing plans and arrangements,using social media for professional communication,discussing on recruitment tests and job interviews,presenting a service or product,writing reviews on websites
ENG302 - English for Occupational Purposes II (3 + 0) 3
More detailed job-related communication skills;describing and organising meetings,developing communicational styles in various cultural settings,handling mistakes and apologizing,getting familiar with marketing styles and advertising,deciding how to adapt and market a product in different countries,
HIST111 - Principles of Atatürk and History of Turkish Revolution I (in English) (2 + 0) 2
French Revolution; structure and geopolitic positioning of Ottoman Empire, reasons of its decline; Westernization movements, First and Second Constitutional Monarchy declarations; Libya and Balkan wars; First World War; period before the War of Independence, congresses, National Pact, establishment of Turkish Grand National Assembly.
HIST112 - Principles of Atatürk and History of Turkish Revolution II (in English) (2 + 0) 2
War of Independence; Lausanne Treaty; declaration of the Republic; removal of sultanic rule and caliphate; Atatürk`s revolutions; establishment of national economy; Second World War, before and after; Turkish Republic after 1960.
IE305 - Engineering Economy (2 + 0) 5
Economic analysis for engineering and managerial decision-making; cash flows, effect of time and interest rate on money and physical assets; methods of evaluating alternatives: present worth, future worth, annual worth, rate-of-return and benefit/cost ratios; depreciation and taxes; effects of inflation.
KRY111 - Career Planning (1 + 0) 1
Being a student at Atilim University, Student-centered programs at Atilim University, Faculty, Department presentations, Career Planning and Coop Program, Erasmus, CV writing types, Interview techniques, Effective Communication and presentation techniques, Intelligence and Personality
MATE207 - Introduction to Materials Engineering (3 + 0) 5
Historical perspective and classification of materials; atomic structure and theory; bonding in solids; the structure of crystalline solids; fundamental mechanical properties of materials; phase diagrams; thermal processing of metal alloys; properties and use of ceramics, glasses and composites; material selection; design and economical considerati
MATH152 - Calculus II (4 + 2) 7
Infinite series, vectors in the plane and polar coordinates, vectors and motions in space, multivariable functions and their derivatives, multiple integrals: double integrals, areas, double integrals in polar coordinates, triple integrals in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, line integrals, Independence of path,Green's theorem.
ME210 - Strength of Materials (3 + 1) 6
Concepts of normal and shear stress, strain, axial load, statically indeterminate axially loaded members, torsion, statically indeterminate torque-loaded members, bending of beams, combined loadings, stress and strain transformation, simple loading tension, torsion and bending, deflections with simple loadings, superposition techniques.
ME316 - Machine Elements (3 + 1) 7
2-D and 3-D stress analysis; static failure criteria, factor of safety; fatigue failure criteria, S-N curves, stress concentration; design of shafts and detachable joints; design of threaded fasteners and power screws; design of rolling contact bearings; power transmission; design of gear drives, spur gears, helical gears; design of belt drives;
MECE306 - Control Systems I (3 + 0) 6
Design of continuous time control systems, discretizing the systems and controllers, implementing the closed loop system and analyzing and interpreting the results; Laplace transform, transfer functions, stability, steady-state error analysis, root-locus technique, frequency response.
PHYS101 - General Physics I (3 + 2) 6
Measurement, motion along a straight line, vectors, motion in two and three dimensions, force and motion I, force and motion II, kinetic energy and work, potential energy and conservation of energy, center of mass and linear momentum, rotation, rolling, torque, and angular momentum, equilibrium and elasticity.
TURK401 - Turkish Language I (2 + 0) 2
Languages and their classification; history of Turkish language, its spread over the world and its place among other languages; Turkish language in the republic era; orthography; expressions; foreign words, suffixes and prefixes; punctuation; language and verbalism.
Elective Courses
AE407 - Automotive Laboratory II (1 + 4) 5
Importance of experiments in engineering, experimental methods, basic concepts and definitions, measurement and dynamic response; statistical analysis of experimental data, types of errors and error analysis, uncertainty, probability, Chi-square test, method of least squares, correlation coefficient; measurements of basic electrical quantities;
AE411 - Automotive Manufacturing Processes Using Lightweight Metals (3 + 1) 5
Advanced lightweight metals and manufacturing processes for automotive applications; metallurgy of lightweight automotive metals; engineering joining processes for metals; design for manufacturing using lightweight automotive metals.
AE412 - Quality Control (3 + 1) 5
Introduction to metrology; linear measurement, angular measurement, and comparative measurement; straightness, flatness, squareness, parallelism; limits and fit; inspection, quality and control, statistical methods in quality control; S.Q.C control charts; sampling inspection; operation characteristics (OC) curve.
AE413 - Automotive Mechatronics (3 + 1) 5
Autonomous vehicles; drive-by-wire, steer-by-wire and brake-by-wire technologies; inter vehicle communication and intelligent transportation systems; electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel-cell vehicles; lane keeping systems, adaptive cruise control; collision avoidance, anti-lock brake system; electronic stability control, rollover avoidance systems; modeling and control of internal combustion engines; passive, active and semi-active suspension design and analysis; vehicle electronic
AE414 - Active and Passive Automobile Safety (3 + 1) 5
Introduction to automobile safety subject; crash types; brake systems; traction and stability systems; passenger restraint systems; energy absorbing; intrusion resistance; safety in hybrid, electric and alternative fuel vehicles; autonomous vehicles; developing safety technologies.
AE415 - Fuel Cells (3 + 0) 5
Introduction. Classification of Fuel Cells. Basic electrochemical principles. Thermodynamics of fuel cell systems. Performance characteristics: efficiency and open circuit voltage. Operating fuel cell voltages. Transport. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFC) ? Water management, fuel cell cooling and temperature control, air supply, operating tempe
AE417 - Introduction to Finite Element Analysis (2 + 2) 5
Solving partial differential equations of mechanics numerically; fundamentals of the finite element method including weak form, shape functions, iso-parametric approximation, Gauss quadrature, element types, assembly operation, sparsity pattern with application to 2D problems; self-written finite element code in MATLAB; computational simulations of elastic materials and stress analysis using the MATLAB code; domain discretization, pre-processing and post-processing aspects.
AE418 - Advanced Solid Mechanics (3 + 1) 5
Analysis of stress in 3D; strains and stress-strain relations in 3D, mechanical behavior of materials; failure theories; beams on elastic foundations; elastic stability of axially loaded members; solution techniques by energy and finite difference approaches.
AE423 - Automotive Control Systems (3 + 1) 5
Concept of feedback; mathematical model of dynamic systems; transfer functions (Laplace transform) and state-space representations; frequency domain design techniques; root locus, Nyquist, and Bode diagrams; vehicle stability control, active suspension control, and autonomous steering applications.
AE425 - Computer Integrated Manufacturing in Automotive Technology (3 + 0) 5
Introduction. Computer Aided Design (CAD) Systems. Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) Systems. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Systems. Robotic Systems. Group Technology and Cellular Manufacturing Systems. Automated Material Handling Systems. Automated Inspection Systems. Flexible Manufacturing Systems. CIM Information modeling
AE426 - Design And Manufacturing Of Armored Vehicles (3 + 1) 5
Armored vehicle survivability concepts; threat types; basics of armor materials; penetration mechanics; metallic, ceramic and composites used in armor design; protection against blast; high strain-rate test methods for deriving constitutive and failure behavior of materials; specialized test methods for verification of protection levels; computational techniques used to predict structural failure.
ART201 - Introduction to Photography (3 + 0) 4
Definition of photography and the photographer, the uses of photography in life, camera and its parts (aperture, iso, shutter, lens), light and its use in photography, composition rules in photography, the works of photographers from the world and Turkey.
ART222 - History of Jazz (3 + 0) 4
The history of music before 1900`s; Blues and Ragtime music genres; the impacts of musical, social and cultural structures of jazz music in New Orleans before its emergence in the region; main jazz movements starting from the very first Dixieland music to Fusion jazz movement today.
ART269 - Entrepreneurial World of Contemporary Art (3 + 0) 4
The function and global organisation of contemporary art, which are considered as one of the most important investment tools in the world by international institutions, the socio-economic dimension of the events and the relationship between the world of art: collector, sponsor, and entrepreunership.
ART270 - Entrepreneurship Inspired by Nature: Interdisciplinary Approaches (3 + 0) 5
Biomicicry; the natural processes of sustaining life on earth and using it as a model for social and economic innovations; the integration among the components of ecosystems: living organisms; climate, and the chemical environment;opportunities for innovative entrepreneurship practices with interdisciplinary approaches; the 21st century skills and nature?s principles for innovative and creative entrepreneurship opportunities.
ART282 - Voice Training, Solfage, Correpetition (3 + 3) 4
Correct usage techniques of breathing, diaphragm and voice, professional singing education, excercises of developing musical ear, theoretical knowledge of musical note and rhythm, dictation (be able to writing down on paper in the form of notes and rhythm the heared sound or music), excercises of developing musical ear, working accompanied with
ART284 - Stage Management of Theater and Movie Review (3 + 0) 4
Analysing theater plays that dominated the history of theater in philosophical theme; finding the substances and determine in search of theatric space at the world theater journey, discussion of the predeterminated movies that made the breakthrough in world history within the context of Sartre/Existentialist philosophy and Spinoza/Ethica.
ART285 - Innovative Visual Narrative (3 + 0) 4
Investigation of the visual narration processes through selected examples;preperation of a research report in line with the selected type of visual narration; information about the effectiveness of the visual material or visual narrative on thinking,decision making and personal communication;evaluation;effects of innovative approaches on visual
ART291 - Body Language and the Art of Persuasion (3 + 0) 4
Posture, mimic, gesture, a correct and accurate way of using the intonation of speech; leadership skills and abilities to convince or persuade someone to accept a desired way of thinking in the business and social environment; convincing others to adopt new ideas using body language.
ECON442 - Economics of Innovation (3 + 0) 6
The role of science, technology and innovation in economics at the macro and at the micro level; the diffusion and absorption of innovation; issues concerning the measurement of innovation; the national, regional systems of innovation and clusters; the relationship between R&D support mechanisms and economic performance in Turkey.
EE448 - Pattern Recognition (0 + 0) 5
Introduction to the theory of pattern recognition, Bayesian decision theory, Maximum likelihood estimation, Nonparametric estimation, Linear discriminant functions, Support vector machines, Neural networks, Unsupervised learning and Clustering, Applications such as handwriting recognition, lipreading, geological analysis, medical data processing, d
ENE303 - Modeling, Analysis and Simulation (3 + 0) 5
System as an interconnection of components, component models, interconnection of components, system models: block diagrams, state equations, transfer functions, analysis of static and dynamic systems, modeling mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid systems, simulation using SIMULINK.
ENE412 - Fuel Cell Technologies (3 + 0) 5
Introduction: fuel cell operating principles,history,types,components and systems;fuel cell thermodynamics and electrochemistry:Nernst equation,Tafel equation,cell voltage,fuel cell efficiency and losses for operational fuel cell voltages;proton exchange membrane fuel cells:components and system, construction and performance, critical issues and recent developments;fuel cell stack design and calculations; hydrogen production, storage, safety and infrastructure; balance of fuel cell power plant
FRE302 - French IV (3 + 0) 4
Describing a town or city, giving directions, making recommendations, and suggestions, describing people`s appearance, making excuses, talking about types of transport, describing weather, making predictions, giving advice, offering help, talking about health and illness.
HUM211 - Gender Studies and Women Rights (3 + 0) 4
Introduction; gender perceptions; woman and health; woman and politics; woman and law; modernism, gender and women rights; types of violence against women and their prevention; woman and literature; woman labor in the global economy; worklife and woman; woman and entrepreneurship; woman and environment.
HUM212 - Gender Equality (3 + 0) 4
This course focused on examine main subjects and current issues of Gender Studies by precisely taking the principle of equality and discrimination at hand, Help students follow gender studies in Turkey and across the globe and develop abilities of students to examine and generate behavioral patterns in their daily social life in a gender-mainstrea
HUM360 - History of Science (3 + 0) 4
The origins and historical deveopment of modern science and scientific method; the ways of knowing the world of different cultures and societies changed over time; the relationship between scientific knowledge to other enterprises, such as art and religion; the key aspects and issues in the advancement of science from ancient world to modern ages.
JAP302 - Japanese IV (3 + 0) 4
Describing a town or city, giving directions, making recommendations, and suggestions, describing people`s appearance, making excuses, talking about types of transport, describing weather, making predictions, giving advice, offering help, talking about health and illness.
MAN313 - Managerial Skills for the 21 st Century (3 + 0) 5
Self- Management, Personal Financial Management, Time and Stress Management and Organization Skills, Workplace Etiquette/Dress, Ethics, Politics and Diversity, Accountability and Workplace Relationships, Communication and Electronic Communication, Motivation, Leadership and Teams, Conflict and Negotiation, Networking, Job Search Skills, Resume Preparation, Interview Techniques, Career Management
MAN328 - Financial Literacy and Legislation for Entrepreneurs (3 + 0) 5
Tax legislation, business law information and obligations related to legal legislation in start ups, different company and business types and selection principles, interpretation of financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement).
MAN408 - Introduction to Sustainability (3 + 0) 5
What is sustainability; sustainability and related polices; climate and global change; environmental and resource economics; sustainable business practices; sustainability: ethics, culture, and history; sustainable development; sustainability indicators.
MAN409 - Entrepreneurship (4 + 0) 5
The nature, importance and history of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurial mind, creativity, innovation and the business idea, marketing and financial planning, franchising, entrepreneurial strategy and strategic management in operations, entrepreneurship background of Turkey, changes in Turkish entrepreneurial features and activities, characteri
MAN414 - Entrepreneurship and Business Plan (3 + 0) 5
Fundamental concepts of entrepreneurship, personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, innovative thinking techniques and types, strategic management and planing, alternative ways of launching a business, business plan and fundamental elements of busines plan, techniques of preparing a business plan, from planning to practice, marketing, production
MAN415 - Contemporary Management Approaches (3 + 0) 5
This course is designed to provide deep knowledge regarding the ways organizations use different and contemporary managerial approaches and practices in order to gain, manage and sustain certain resources and compete within an uncertain environmental conditions.
MAN428 - Brand Management (3 + 0) 5
Definition of a brand, brand name, brand attributes, brand positioning, image building, the difference between brand image and brand identity, sources of brand identity, methods to build brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand association, the relationship between brand equity and customer equity.
MAN437 - Entrepreneurship and Innovation Seminars (3 + 0) 5
Fundamental concepts of entrepreneurship, personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, innovative thinking techniques, barriers of innovation, internal and external factors of entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, strategic management and planing, alternative ways of launching a business, business plan and fundamental elements of busines plan
MATE440 - Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals (3 + 0) 5
Introduction to corrosion, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of corrosion and oxidation, types of corrosion, corrosion in various environments, corrosion of engineering materials, corrosion testing, control and prevention methods, corrosion in material selection and design.
MATE442 - Welding Metallurgy and Technology (3 + 0) 5
Welding related terms and definitions, classification of the welding processes, frequently used welding processes, their application areas, advantages and disadvantage, typical welding discontinuities, destructive and nondestructive tests applied on welded joints, quality aspects, welding metallurgy of ferrous and nonferrous metals, effects of the
ME302 - Fluid Mechanics II (3 + 0) 5
Akışkan hareketinin diferansiyel analizine giriş, süreklilik, momentum ve enerji denklemleri, sıkıştırılamaz sürtünmesiz akış, hız potansiyeli, akım fonksiyonu, temel düzlemsel akış, boyut analizi ve benzerlik, sıkıştırılamaz viskoz akış, Navier-Stokes denklemleri, laminer, türbülanslı akışta sınır tabaka, daldırılmış cisimler etrafında akış.
ME425 - Mechanical Vibrations (3 + 0) 5
Temel tanımlar, tek serbestlik dereceli sistemler, titreşim yalıtımı, iki serbestlik dereceli sistemler: hareket denklemleri, koordinat dönüşümleri, temel koordinatlar, titreşim modları, torsiyonel titreşim, çoklu serbestlik dereceli sistemler, koordinat dönüşümler ve normal koordinatlar, modal analiz, harmonik zorlamalı sistemlerin çözümü.
ME435 - Fracture Mechanics (3 + 0) 5
Metallerde kırılma türleri, Griffith gevrek kırılma teorisi, çatlak yayılımı, sünek kırılma, elastik-plastik kırılma mekaniği, çentik etkileri, enerji-sıcaklık eğrileri, gerilim yoğunluğu katsayısının belirlenmesi, kırılma tasarımının felsefesi; meneviş gevrekliği, hidrojen gevretmesi, lineer elastik-plastik kırılmanın kararsızlığı, yorulma çatlağı
ME436 - Fluid Mechanics II (3 + 0) 5
Introduction to differential analysis of fluid motion, continuity, momentum and energy equations, incompressible inviscid flow, velocity potential, stream function, elementary plane flows, dimensional analysis and similitude, incompressible viscous flow, Navier-Stokes equations, boundary layer in laminar and turbulent flow, fluid flow about immerse
ME437 - Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics (3 + 0) 5
Hesaplamalı akışkanlar mekaniğine giriş, akışkanlar mekaniğinin temel denklemleri, temel hesaplamalı teknikler, sayısal şemaların özellikleri, sonlu farklar yöntemi, sonlu elemanlar yöntemi, denklem sistemlerinin çözüm yöntemleri, ağ (mesh) oluşturma.
ME452 - Introduction to Fluid Power Control (3 + 0) 5
Hidrolik ve pnömatik sistem elemanları, özellikleri ve kullanım alanları, pompalar ve performans özellikleri, hidrolik ve pnömatik valfler ve akış özellikleri, yön, akış ve basınç kontrolü valfleri, rezervuarlar, akümülatörler, aktüatörler, filtreleme, hidrolik ve pnömatik devre tasarımı.
MECE425 - Behaviour Based Engineering Design (3 + 0) 6
Introduction to engineering design theory and methodology, modeling in design, function-behaviour-structure model for design, behaviour-based modeling; review of sets, relations and functions; graph theory; discrete-event system modeling; Petri nets; traditional design approaches; recent trends in engineering design; behaviour-based design applicat
MFGE418 - Advanced Strength of Materials (3 + 0) 5
Analysis of stress and strain, principle stresses and strains, generalized Hooke?s law, strain energy, yield and failure criteria, plane strain and plane stress problems, airy stress function, unsymmetrical bending of beams and shear center, torsion of noncircular cross sections, Prandtl?s membrane analogy, energy methods, plastic deformation and r
MFGE432 - Polymer Processing (3 + 0) 5
Introduction to hydrocarbons and macromolecular structures, homopolymers, copolymers, elastomers, blends and thermosets, morphology of polymers, semicrystalline and amorhous states, polymer additives, mechanical properties, differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry, rheological properties, non Newtonian flow, viscoelasticity, melt flow index and rheometers, melting and mixing; die forming, extrusion based processes, molding processes, manufacture of tires and other rubber products.
MFGE484 - Plastic Injection Moulding Technology (3 + 1) 5
Main properties of plastics, design of injection moulds, types of injection moulds, injection moulding process; filling packing, and cooling stages, computer aided analysis of injection moulding process, introducing, using, and evaluating of a simulation software, and its analysis results, different types of injection moulds, new developed processes of injection moulding.
RUS302 - Russian IV (3 + 0) 4
Describing a town or city, giving directions, making recommendations, and suggestions, describing people`s appearance, making excuses, talking about types of transport, describing weather, making predictions, giving advice, offering help, talking about health and illness.
SPAN302 - Spanish IV (3 + 0) 4
Describing a town or city, giving directions, making recommendations, and suggestions, describing people`s appearance, making excuses, talking about types of transport, describing weather, making predictions, giving advice, offering help, talking about health and illness.